Sunday, April 19, 2009

What Being a Teacher Means to Me

I have known that teaching was the profession for me for a while now. There was never any changing my major or changing my mind with what I wanted to do with the rest of my life. It was an easy decision and for many reasons. First of all, I have a passion for teaching. It is something that I have been given the gift to do with my life. I have naturally always been comfortable working and interacting around children and intermingling in the classroom. I get excited about seeing children each day and even go to sleep wondering what they will bring to the table in next class. Elementary students are like little sponges. They want to observe everything and learn each and everyday. I want to be that person in their lives that helps them understand. I long to see children’s expressions when what I am teaching finally makes sense and see the connection take place. Just knowing that it was me that helped them achieve success that they did not even know was possible, gives me motivation to get up and keep going each day.
Secondly, I have respect for others around me and I want to share that with all my students. I am open and understanding towards all religions, cultures and backgrounds. I want to express this openness in my classroom to my students by incorporating it into lessons and activities. Diversity is a wonderful thing that Americans fail to take full advantage of seeing. All students in a classroom are going to be different and have different beliefs and views. It takes an understanding person to be open to all these cultures and I feel that I am one of these accepting people. I should use this in my teaching career. I am also good at self reflecting. I refuse to be someone who just simply goes through the motions each day. I want to strive to be the best teacher that I can be and if something does not go well, I want to step back and ask my self questions. Why did this not go as planned and what can I do tomorrow to make sure that my students get more out of the lesson tomorrow? When a person loves their profession enough, like I do, there is nothing more they want then to be better at it. I hope that I still say that I want to be a better teacher fifty years form now. You can never stop learning and growing.
Last but not least, I want to make a difference in someone’s life and there is not a better profession than teaching to achieve this. Some children do not have the stability that they need at home and I want to be a light for their dreary, world. These children are the future of our country and they need leadership and guidance to show them the way. Without great teachers there are not great students. I want to see each and every one of my students succeed and help make for a better tomorrow. Growing up during my elementary years, I was not blessed by having the best of the best teachers. Looking back from 1992 to 2000, I feel as though elementary school was such a learning and growing experience that could not have been better. The few teachers that were undoubtedly, exceptional come to my mind right away. First of all, Mrs. Jones was a sixth grade teacher that I will always remember. She was a history teacher that made me want to go home and study. I never thought about how she got away with this, until I recently went home to observe her classroom. She cares for her students, sincerely. She does not settle for simply having an ordinary day at school. She makes every day count by staying after school to plan activities and lessons that will engage students’ minds and interest. She does not just want her students to learn. She wants her students to want to learn and strive to learn. Remembering Mrs. Jones’s class defiantly came to mind when I picked teaching as my career of choice. It is because of teachers like Mrs. Jones that I am now interviewing for this job and longing to make differences in children’s lives.
I remember Mrs. Jones and how she made a lasting impression on my life. Someday, by picking teaching as my career, I hope to make a lasting impression on another child’s life. I may be on one of my students’ minds when they are writing a paper or asked the question about why they want to be a teacher, a lawyer, a doctor or a writer. I could be that inspiration that they need in their life to push through and strive on in life. If I can be an inspiration to just one child, it will be worth my complete career in teaching.

Motivation is Key!

Motivating students can sometimes be a challenge because it is always up to the individual how they chose to be motivated. The source for motivation can come from personality characteristics, the intrinsic characteristics of the task, or from what extrinsic motivation drives the student. However, through experience and classes I have learned hints and tips that may help me in this area. One important task for a teacher is to attempt to get to know their students as quickly as possible. Teachers tend to forget that grades do not motivate everyone and that sometimes it takes a different approach to motivate certain students. I will try to draw out the students’ interest and reward them with that. For example, if you know that a little boy liked football you might reward him with something related to football. As a teacher I will find out what each student likes because each student can be motivated in a different way depending on their personality. When thinking about how this is a good idea, it made me think about different ways that I could find out likes and dislikes within my classroom. I recalled how one of my professors in college at Auburn University made us fill out a “Get-to-know you” sheet the first week of class. I enjoyed the activity and have a mental picture of the sheet for suture reference. I think that this is a good idea for older elementary students. For younger elementary students, I could play a little “get to know you” game with my students and be sure to take notes as they talk about their interest. I think that students respect teachers more when they show interest in them as individuals, and not just as a class.
Extrinsic rewards are great for gaining motivation to complete task, behave in class, or turn in projects on time. Nevertheless, as an upcoming teacher it is extremely vital that I remember a very important motivation rule: Extrinsic rewards kill intrinsic motivation. This meaning, that when a teacher excessively extrinsically rewards her students, they lose the drive from within to complete the task. Students now expect a reward for doing everything and are motivated solely by the reward. The fact that a student can learn from the task or have a good feeling on the inside by completing the task goes completely away. This is why the best way to reward students is on a variable ratio. The students keep performing well, because they do not know when a reward will actually come from their behavior or good performance. You can relate this back to adults and slot machines. Millions of people play slots over and over, even thought they are losing. Slot machines randomly rewarded adults and this keeps their drive still in tact. I plan on using this technique in my class to make sure that my students stay intrinsically motivated.
It is also important for teachers to remember the expectancy theory on motivation and relate situations back to this theory. The expectancy theory was developed by Edwards and later worked on by Atkinson. In this theory Edwards says that motivation is the perceived probability of success multiplied by the incentive value of success. Therefore, people’s effort of achievement depends on their expectation of reward. If a child does not believe that it is even possible to pass a test, then his or her motivation to even try plunders down. On the opposite end of the spectrum, if a test or skill is extremely easy and not challenging enough for the students’ taste, the child’s incentive to complete the task will lower, therefore; lowering his or her motivation as well. This is imperative to remember when making tests. It is important to be aware that having too easy or too hard questions, especially near the beginning of the test, will lower the student’s motivation to try. A teacher should pick question that represent the construct well and will keep the students motivated throughout the test.

Saturday, April 18, 2009

Group Work

Recently a teaching concept was brought to my attention that had never before been discussed or that I had never thought about. This was the concept of group work, however not just having students do group work but how as a teacher do you construct group work and make sure that everyone is participating. Usually when I am doing teaching in my methods courses I simply tell the students to get into groups around them, or they are already arranged in groups. When students are put into groups to work there are several problems that can occur. First of all one person usually dominates the group. This is usually a student that is more outgoing and comfortable being in charge, however if they end up doing all the work then the other person are not learning as much. These low status students outside of the group are usually ignored and are looked upon as though their opinions do not matter. From a teacher’s point of view sometimes these students may be viewed as being unmotivated and not wanting to try, however in reality they may be trying but their thoughts are being shot down by the dominate members of the group.
So what do you do? One idea that I thought about was making a Multiple Abilities chart. Each group member is good at something and it is good to highlight this. As a teacher it is good to convince students that every group member can bring something to the table and contribute and that one person doesn’t have all the abilities to contribute all. Also a teacher needs to make sure that the group work has a purpose and needs to pick worthwhile task for the students to work on. Setting guidelines for the group and assigning roles for the students before the group work beings are also great ideas to keep from one person taking over. I have also noticed in my science method classroom that my cooperating teacher makes a point to visit and talk to each group and each person within the group to help intrigue their ideas. He makes sure that they are engaged in the activity and are being included by facilitating questioning and highlighting their thoughts and opinions. This is sometime to think about when teaching. Unless a teacher takes the time to take care of the classroom culture, including group work activities, even the best lessons do not go well and can be unsuccessful.

My Trip to a Science Museum: Excellent Inquiry

After visiting The McWane Science Center in Birmingham, Alabama, I was amazed at all the exhibits that I witnessed and all of the physical knowledge that was being used inside the building. Before before visiting this museum, I did not fully understand the concepts of physical knowledge. I simply thought the kids I observed were playing around. After being learning about inquiry and physical science, I went back to the museum and acknowledged that these children were not just playing around, but gaining knowledge through constructivist methods of teaching.
The first exhibit, which I immediately connected with what I am learning through my methods courses, was right when I walked in the door. I was surprised to find a water playground with all kinds of different funnels, filters and other manipulative obstacles that children can use to play with the water throughout the room. This McWane Center water exhibit, took experiments and took it to a whole new level. Children were allowed to shoot out water from the guns and could also try adjusting the guns to obtain different water pressures. By doing this, the children could make various blocks move around in the water. Changing the pressure that they used either caused the block to move faster or slower and sometimes it did not move at all. Since I took my cousin who is in Kindergarten, I was able to practice what I had learned with her while she played with the water guns. I asked her what would happen if the water was going faster, or if we used a smaller floating block, if she thought that the block would move faster. They also had items that children could experiment with by seeing if they floated. These water “building- blocks” allowed the children to have fun, but to also try to complete a task. This activity seemed to stir up curiosity among the children because everyone wanted to see if they could build a house or castle on the water. Not only did they have to decide which items would float, but they also had to be able to tell which blocks would balance and not fall over and crash into the water. Some of the children were successful and some had a little trouble. The kids that had trouble actually seemed to be learning more. When they would mess up they would have to try a different route of construction which provoked learning and knowledge.
Another display that I found interesting and that I could relate back to what I have read and learned in my primary math and science class was the chaotic pendulum that was on the second floor of the building. The Chaotic Pendulum contains a deceptively simple set of pendulums in a steel and Plexiglas case. A central, T-shaped bar supports three mounted bars from its ends. The “T” is mounted at the intersection of the upright and the cross arm. I watched as the little kids would twist the knob to start the pendulum moving. Intuition says that the resulting motion of this system should be, if not simple, at least predictable. Intuition, however, does not work with this device since its motion is chaotic, extremely complicated and long-lived. Children have to experiment and play with the chaotic pendulum in order to figure out where it will go and what will happen. Just like in the Physical Knowledge for Preschool textbook this pendulum can be used for children to construct knowledge. Since this is different than a normal pendulum it encourages interest and the students are likely to ask more questions about the display. However, this pendulum is limited to materials that you can add to make it more appealing and interesting to a child. This doesn’t help the students continue their curiosity therefore; I witnessed several children, including my cousin, get a little bored with the display and move on.
Another game that I noticed older elementary school children playing was the Giant Lever game. In this game the kids play a game of tug-of-war. However there is a catch to this tug –of- war game and these students are not just playing a game but constructing knowledge. These kids soon realize that the lever arm distance influences who wins the tug-of-war. Dynamometers on each side of the lever allow the children to see the force exerted, while a victory signal reveals the mechanical advantage of this simple machine. It is important for students to understand simple machines and how they work. There is not, in my opinion, a better way to teach kids than through the children experimenting with how simple machines work. Through this exhibit the kids can see how a lever works. Whoever has the heaviest amount of weight on their side automatically wins. Strategy becomes a factor when students start to figure out this information. They may have to swap up teams or add people to their side. It was very entertaining to see the children try to work it out and also fun to see them learning while having a good time.
I think this museum sets a good example not only to students, but also teachers. It shows how students can learn through observation and experimenting. Unfortunately, not all teachers use this type of constructivist learning in their classroom and this museum gives the kids an opportunity to learn through touch and manipulating objects. It also allows students to fail and create new routes to success on their own. Some teachers use direct instruction of how to do an experiment. This method usually does not allow the student to explore the entire learning process, but to simply always have a successful result at the end. Children need the opportunity to work things on their own. From water, to pendulums, and even simply machines The McWane Science Center provides hands-on activities for learning in a fun manner. I have never seen children more excited to discover new ideas and different concepts. The children that I witnessed had such intense curiosity. Seeing the museum in through my new “teacher light” made me excited about doing physical knowledge activities in my future science classes.

Tuesday, April 14, 2009

How is Standarized Testing Integrated into Teaching?

I plan on using the data from standardized testing to help show me where I stand as a teacher. I won’t use the results as a complete representation of my teaching skills because as a teacher I know that sometimes these types of standardized test can prove to be unreliable or invalid. However, anything that can help me improve as a teacher I want to capitalize on the opportunity. By knowing the data I am able to see the subjects that I am not teaching as well on and what areas where my teaching styles prove successful. In these areas I can continue my teaching style and even share with struggling teachers. These tests can motivate me as a teacher to take a second look at established instructional practices. Sometimes teachers tend to be in the same routine of teaching year after year, however this teaching style may not be effective for every class. Each class is unique and different and change is sometimes not only helpful but necessary.
Assessment- criterion relationship is an important concept to look at when going through standardized testing data. Criterion-reference is when a teacher looks at how much of the targeted material the student learned. This is important to use because their will be certain targeted information that will be necessary for the child to score well on the standardized test. This is how I will set goals and encourage students to learn the information. Therefore, I have to look at the construct and decide what should become the content. The students usually do not need to know everything so picking out important and relevant content crucial to criterion referencing. Norm- referencing is another concept that compares a students’ score to other people in the class. This can show a teacher where her students stand as individual and is important to look at when applying assessment in the classroom. This is usually interpreted through a bell curve on standardized test results. After observing these results, I can devise a plan to allow individual attention to struggling students. I will allow time for an intervention for certain students who need help in areas. Sometimes these results can even help determine a learning disability. For example, student could score really high in all areas and score exceptionally low in reading. In certain situations it may give means to have the student tested for a reading disability or in other areas.
Standardized testing data can help me as a teacher set goals for my classroom. When viewing the results from one year, I can set goals as teacher for the next upcoming class. Each year, I want to strive to be better and better and I can set goals for myself to make the most out of each day. I can also set goals for my upcoming class. Showing the class how last year’s grade scored as a whole, (not separately), will help motivate the students. Then we, as a class, can set goals for the students. I want my students to be included in this decision. They can let me know how well or how much better they want to and think that they can score on their standardized achievement tests for the year. Hopefully this will also motivate them to score well. They want to score as well as they say they will. This is also a great way to use data and graphs into your lesson. Using real life data and information works well with older elementary students.
I plan on integrating information from the data in many ways. First of all I want to take the data and devise a plan for the entire year. This will consist of any and all of the ideas that come to mind where I can improve and the class can improve. I will also document on what my class needs to work on. With this plan I will have the information for the entire year to look back on. In the education society today, standardized tests are looked at with high priority. It is important that I do the same. Using the data can only benefit students and teachers and help not only their school year, but school years to come.

Sunday, April 5, 2009

Managing Active Assessements

In any subjects it is sometime necessary to assess using active assessments. These can range anywhere from drawing a picture, to class discussion. I think that these type of assessments will work nicely when trying to assess students knowledge on a particular subject. However, managing these assessment is something that should be worked out beforehand. When managing active assessments, I think that there are many ways that a I can keep from becoming overwhelmed. First, I could make a checklist to make sure I am covering all and only of what is needed. For example, if I am having my students draw sea and land breezes in a picture to show that they understanding the direction and temperature, I can have a checklist with the specific drawings that I am looking for. If the students have what is checked then I can tell their understanding. I also think that it is important to stat small. Science is a wodnerful subject for this type of assessment to be very helpful. In the Active Assessment for Active Science textbook, written by Hein and Price, they both write how a teacher should not throw away all the traditional text immediately, but start modifying or adding on to the original tests (53). I think that this is important to remember and I could modify my original test on land and sea breezes by first adding a drawing box on the back and have students not only write and fill out the test, but also provide a drawing on the back. I could eventually transform the entire evaluation to a drawing.

When I am pre-designing my assessments, I need to remember that it needs to identify the learning goals. Students need to know what this assessment is showing and you need to see. As a teacher I need to know what my students are going to learn and how they follow the Alabama and National Standards. I also need to make sure that my assessments are developmentally appropriate. I would not have first graders draw pictures of land and sea breezes and the directions they are going. This would be something for a higher 5th or 6th grade level.

Price and Hein, Active Assesments for Active Science, Heinmann. 1994

How Much Homework is Too Much?

Over the past years I have been noticing a trend in elementary aged students, especially the younger grades. This trend deals with the amount of homework that they are being assigned. I have been surprisingly taken back by how much homework is assigned to these students on a nightly basis. After working at an afterschool daycare, this problem started to become aware to me during homework time after school. I watched as young third grade students did tons of practice math problems that were all exactly alike and then answered several reading questions after being assigned to read as well. In my opinion this homework trend is a little excessive. Children are in school eight hours and now days extra activities such as recess, PE, and music are being taken back to the minimum time, therefore these children are learning for the majority of these eight hours. I do think that children need to practice learning outside of school and that this type of "on their own" work helps the children to build responsibility for their own work, however there is not a need for excess work in multiple subjects. Students need to take this time outside of school to have their own playtime, family time, and time to do other extracurricular activities and hobbies. Homework should never have to take them all night especially and ages and grade level should be taken into consideration.
Now I am not saying this about all teachers, which leads me to another point. I feel that there is a huge inconsistency amongst different teachers with the amount of homework. Some teachers load their students down with books and work at night while others barely assign any at all. Does assigning more homework make them a better teacher? Does it mean that their kids are smarter or learning more? These are questions that I have been curious about for a long time and as an upcoming teacher would like to learn more about from previous teachers.